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FTire Validation Example. Tire size: 195/65 R 15
Manoeuvres:
- rolling over cleats with 10 and 20 mm height, and 90o and 45o orientation, without and with camber angle
- pseudo-stationary side-slip angle sweep
Height of hub fixed; drum diameter 3.80m (exterior); blue curves: measurement, red curves: simulation.
All simulations have been performed with the same set of parameters. Measurements courtesy Daimler Research and Continental AG.
Wheel load and longitudinal force during cleat test
 
Fig 1: v = 40 km/h, cleat height 10 mm
Wheel load and longitudinal force during cleat test
 
Fig 2: v = 80 km/h, cleat height 10 mm
Wheel load and longitudinal force during cleat test
 
Fig 3: v = 120 km/h, cleat height 10 mm
Wheel load and longitudinal force during cleat test
 
Fig 4: v = 40 km/h, cleat height 20 mm, tire camber angle 10o
Wheel load and longitudinal force during cleat test
 
Fig 5: v = 80 km/h, cleat height 20 mm, tire camber angle 10o
Side force and self-aligning torque during oblique cleat test<
 
Fig 6: v = 80 km/h, cleat height 10 mm, cleat orientation 45o, tire camber angle 45o
Side force and self-aligning torque during slip angle sweep
 
Fig 7: Quasi-stationary side force and aligning torque characteristics, Fz= 3,5,7 kN
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